British distance runner Paula Radcliffe believes that nations should be banned from major championships should they be found guilty of having frequently broken doping rules.
Last week, a German television documentary claimed that doping was rife in Russian sport, accusations that have been described as a "pack of lies" by Russian athletics president Valentin Balakhnichev.
An investigation into the allegations will now take place, but Radcliffe, who has won Commonwealth, European and World Championship gold medals, wants to see sanctions come into effect should a nation be found guilty of a number of doping offences.
The 40-year-old told BBC Sport: "I'd look at the independent testing bodies. Maybe they need to be taken away from the countries if they can't be trusted.
"I think that there should be sanctions for that country competing in events like the World Championships, like the Olympic Games.
"It shouldn't just be Russia that's singled out here, but any country that isn't abiding by the Wada or IAAF codes of practice and anti-doping rules, and implementing sanctions and testing like they should."
German broadcaster ARD, which carried last week's documentary, has also claimed that as many as 150 suspicious blood samples were not investigated by an unnamed IAAF official between 2006 and 2008.
