Steven Caldwell has announced his retirement from professional football with immediate effect at the age of 34.

The former Newcastle United and Burnley centre-back has most recently been playing in the MLS with Toronto.

"It's with a heavy heart that I announce my retirement from the game I love. Football has been my life since a very young age and I appreciate the opportunity I've had to live my dreams," he said in a statement.

"I would like to thank all my teammates and coaches I've learned from along the way. Some friendships and bonds I have made that will last forever.

"Newcastle, Blackpool, Bradford, Leeds, Sunderland, Burnley, Wigan, Birmingham and Toronto. All magnificent clubs. It was an honour to wear your shirt. I hope the fans appreciated the pride I felt pulling on their jersey."

Caldwell also confirmed that he will now take up the role of director of corporate development with Maple Leaf Sports and Entertainment.