Mercedes are under fresh scrutiny over claims that it conducted illegal in-season tyre testing with Pirelli.
The case will be heard by an international tribunal, with the team facing sanctions should it be found guilty, BBC News reports.
Mercedes could potentially be fined or even excluded from the world championship should the judicial body find evidence that it violated FIA rules.
"The conditions of this testing may constitute a breach of the applicable FIA rules," said the FIA in a statement.
Ferrari were also found to have conducted in-season testing with Pirelli, but the governing body chose not to take any disciplinary action against them when it emerged that the sessions involved 2011 cars.
The issue came to light when Red Bull and Ferrari launched a complaint at the Monaco Grand Prix, claiming that the tests gave Mercedes an unfair advantage.
